German Egyptologist. Born, Frankfurt 1892. Died, Munich 1950. Educated Halle and Berlin. Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Egyptology, Munich, 1923. Professor, 1932-50. Initially specialized in literary, religious, and philosophical texts, but later focussed more on the Predynastic period and archaeology. His most important contribution to the subject was his work on Egyptian chronology and his alignment with Western Asia's. Published extensively.