British scientist; born at Lewisham, 21 June 1879, son of Robert Hugh S., accountant, and Elizabeth Maxted; he graduated from St. John's College, Cambridge, and then joined the staff of Liverpool College; during the First World War he went to the Department of Instrument Inspection of the Air Ministry, and afterwards continued at Kidbrooke depot; while there he wrote a book on aircraft instruments which went through several editions; he travelled extensively and visited S. Africa and India; for a year or two he studied Egyptian at University College London, and was a member of the EES for over thirty years until his death; he also served on the Committee for many years and gave lectures to the Society, wrote book reviews and contributed to bibliographies in JEA; Sloley's great interest lay in ancient Egyptian mathematics and science, in particular astronomy and methods of measuring time, on which subject he was an expert; he wrote the chapter on 'Science' in The Legacy of Egypt, and contributed an important article on methods of measuring time to JEA 17, and another in Ancient Egypt for 1924; Sloley lectured to schools and broadcast a talk titled 'A Day in the Life of an Egyptian Schoolboy'; he died at Amersham, Bucks., 18 Aug. 1958.

American archaeologist and architect. Born, Middlefield MA, 1893. Died, New York NY, 1959. Trained as an architect at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and then joined the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Egyptian Expedition, mainly working at Deir el-Bahri and at Kharga Oasis. Loaned by the Expedition to the Tutankhamun tomb excavation in 1922-1923.

American draughtsman. Born, Portland OR, 1883. Died, Portland OR, 1969. Studied architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and in 1913 joined the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Egyptian Expedition as a draughtsman. Loaned by the Expedition to the Tutankhamun tomb excavation in 1922-1923.

American Egyptologist. Born, Washington DC 1884. Died, Venice Florida 1950. Excavated extensively in Egypt for the New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, between 1906 and 1931, working at Lisht, Kharga Oasis, Thebes and other sites. Director of the Metropolitan's Egyptian Expedition, 1928-1932. Curator, Egyptian Department of the Metropolitan, 1929-1939. Director of the Metropolitan Museum, 1932-1939.

British artist. Born, Swaffham, Norfolk 1863. Died, London 1939. Brother of Howard C. Studied at the Royal Academy Schools and exhibited regularly at the RA from 1883.

British Egyptologist and Chartered Librarian. Born, South Ockendon, 1934. Died, Cambridge 2022. Chartered Librarian (ALA), 1958-60. Cataloguer, British National Bibliography, 1957-60. BA in Ancient History, University College London, 1963. MA, PhD and Litt. D, Cambridge University. Budge Research Fellow in Egyptology at Christ's College, Cambridge, 1966-70. Lecturer in Egyptology, University College London, 1970-78. Reader in Egyptian Archaeology, 1978-87. Edwards Professor of Egyptian Archaeology and Philology, 1988-1993. Assisted at Egypt Exploration Society (EES) excavations: Buhen, Sudan, 1963. Saqqara, 1964-68, site director 1970-74, field director 1975-98. Field director of the Epigraphic Mission, Amarna, 1969 and 1980. Saqqara, Leiden excavations, 1999-2000, Joint field director, 1998-2001, field director, 2002. Cambridge Expedition to the Valley of the Kings, Thebes, field director 2005, joint field director 2014 onwards.
Publications include: Egyptian Administrative and Private-Name Seals, 1971; The Royal Tomb at El-Amarna, vol. 1, 1974, vol. 2, 1989; The Tomb of Hetepka, 1979; The Sacred Animal Necropolis at North Saqqara, 1981; (with V. Raisman) Canopic Equipment in the Petrie Collection, 1984; Scarabs, Cylinders and other Ancient Egyptian Seals, 1985; The Tomb Chapels of Paser and Raia, 1985; Corpus of Reliefs of the New Kingdom, vol. 1, 1987; (with A. El-Khouly) Excavations in the Royal Necropolis at El-Amarna, 1987; The Memphite Tomb of Horemheb, 1989; The Hidden Tombs of Memphis, 1991 (German edn 1994); Bibliography of the Amarna Period and its aftermath, 1991; The Tomb of Tia and Tia, 1997; The Tombs of Three Memphite Officials, 2001; Stelae from Egypt and Nubia in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 2005; Private Stelae of the Early Dynastic Period from the Royal Cemetery at Abydos, 2011; The Tomb of Maya and Meryt, I, 2012; Tutankhamun’s Regent, 2016. Festschrift: Another Mouthful of Dust, ed J. van Dijk, 2016.

British diplomat and collector; he was born in Lichfield, 14 June 1780, son of Thomas S. and Alice Butt; he was trained as a portrait-painter and went to London in 1797 as a pupil of Joseph Farington, R.A., and afterwards of John Hoppner, RA; in 1802 he accompanied George Annesley, Visct. Valentia, as secretary and draughtsman, on a long tour in the East, visiting India, Ceylon, Abyssinia, and Egypt, and returned 1806; he made many drawings to illustrate Lord V.'s Voyages and Travels, 1809; he was sent by the Govt. on a mission to Abyssinia, 1809-11, and published an account, Voyage to Abyssinia, 1814; in 1815 he was appointed to succeed Missett as British Consul-General in Egypt and arrived there in 1816; he carried out much excavation in Egypt with the intention of procuring antiquities for the British Museum and in the process amassed enormous quantities on his own account; through Belzoni and Burckhardt he removed the colossal bust of Ramesses II from Thebes and presented it to the British Museum (EA 19), 1817; he employed Belzoni at Thebes and also financed his excavations in Nubia, and those of Caviglia at the Pyramids; in 1819, d'Athanasi excavated at Thebes under his direction; from 1818-21, he sent a large collection of antiquities to the British Museum, but the Trustees objected to the price demanded, and after protracted delay, they gave only £2,000 (less than the cost of excavation and transport) for the collection, but rejected the finest piece - the sarcophagus of Sety I ¬which was subsequently bought by Sir John Soane for his museum for £2,000; in private Salt attempted to place blame for the high excavation costs on Belzoni's extravagance; he had better luck with his second collection, formed 1819-24, which was reported upon by Champollion and bought by the King of France for £10,000; his third collection was sold at Sotheby's 29 June-8 July 1835; it had been formed 1824-7, and was auctioned in 1,283 lots for £7,168; many objects were bought by the British Museum; an anonymous sale of Egyptian antiquities held at Sotheby's, 15-16 March 1833, has also been attributed to Salt's estate (258 lots); besides a rather tedious poem on the Nile, Salt published an Essay on Dr. Young's and M Champollion's Phonetic System of Hierog!yphics, with some additional discoveries, etc., 1825; FRS, 1812; FLS; his papers and drawings are in the British Museum and there copies of some of these in the Griffith Institute, Oxford; he died at Desuke village near Alexandria, 30 Oct. 1827, and was buried in Alexandria.

Percy Edward Newberry M.A. O.B.E. was born on 23 April 1869 and died at his home in Godalming, England, on 7 August 1949. He was educated at King’s College School and King’s College, London and later mentored in Egyptology by Reginald Stuart Poole of the British Museum and Francis Llewellyn Griffith. Newberry began his career at the Egypt Exploration Fund and, from 1890 to 1894, headed an expedition to investigate the tombs of Middle Kingdom nomarchs at Beni Hasan and El Bersha. In 1893-4, he published a two-volume monograph Beni Hasan which remains a definitive account of the tombs there. Newberry then operated as a freelance excavator from 1895-1901, undertaking a survey of the Necropolis at Thebes. In 1902 Newberry worked on the Catalogue Général of Egyptian Antiquities at the Cairo Museum.

In 1906 Newberry was appointed Brunner Professor of Egyptology at the University of Liverpool, a position he held until 1919. In 1919 Newberry was appointed O.B.E. In 1923, he served as President of the Anthropological Section of the British Association, and from 1926 to 1927, he was Vice-President of the Royal Anthropological Institute. In 1929 Newberry accepted the chair of Ancient Egyptian History and Archaeology at the University of Egypt, Cairo, a post he held until 1933.

Newberry published extensively (see Magee, Diana, 'The Egyptological Bibliography of Percy Edward Newberry (1869-1949)', in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Volume 76, 1990) and Botany. Notable publications include several volumes in the series of the Archaeological Survey of Egypt, two volumes in the Catalogue Général of the Cairo Museum and Scarabs (1906).

On 12 February 1907, Newberry married Essie Winifred Johnston (1878-1953). There were no children of the marriage. Although largely undocumented, Newberry was previously married from 1894 to Helena Aders, whom he divorced in 1904.

British businessman. Born, Leeds 1841. Died 1897. Began his own grain merchanting business in Northumberland in 1866, and built his first maltings at Alnwick in the early 1870s. The business flourished over the following twenty years supplying local breweries in the North of England. For health reasons, acting on advice from his doctor, he visited Egypt in 1888.

British traveller, antiquary and amateur artist. Born, 1802. Died, Rome 1863. Visited Egypt in 1832-3 and 1860-1. Worked with Robert Hay at Qurna. Secretary and Treasurer of the White Nile Association, 1839. Published Travels in Ethiopia above the Second Cataract of the Nile (1835), Visit to the Great Oasis of the Libyan Desert (1837), and A Winter in Upper and Lower Egypt (1863).

British clergyman. Born, unknown. Died, 1903. Studied mathematics at University College, Oxford, graduating in 1852. Ordained Deacon to the curacy of Sopworth, Wiltshire, 1853. Deacon, Corfe, near Taunton, 1854. Prebendary of Wells Cathedral, 1871. Vicar of Henstridge, 1871. Vicar of Langport, 1883. Canon of Wells, 1895. Archdeacon of Taunton, 1896. He was acclaimed for his work connected with Church Education, Church and State relations, and Ecclesiastical Courts. Editor of the Chronicle of Convocation. In recognition of his contributions to the Church, the Archbishop of Canterbury conferred on him the degree of LL.D in 1886.

British Egyptologist. Born, London 1874. Died, London 1939. Privately educated. Employed by P. E. Newberry in 1891 working for the Archaeological Survey. Assisted in excavations for the Egypt Exploration Fund 1892-3, was with Petrie at Amarna in 1892, and as a draughtsman to the Deir el-Bahri expedition 1893-9. Appointed Chief Inspector of Antiquities of Upper Egypt 1899-1904. Discovered several royal tombs, including those of Hatshepsut, Tuthmosis IV and Amenophis I. Inspector of Lower Egypt 1905. Employed by Lord Carnarvon from 1909 onwards, to excavate in the Theban necropolis, the Delta and Middle Egypt. His most famous discovery, that of the intact tomb of Tutankhamun, was made in 1922. He spent the next ten years recording the tomb's contents. Most of Carter's records for Tutankhamun's tomb remain unpublished.

American Egyptologist and orientalist. Born, Rockford, Ill. 1865. Died, New York 1935. Educated at North-Western College, Naperville, Ill., then Chicago College of Pharmacy, 1882-6. Started a career in pharmacy before going on to study Hebrew at the Congressional Institute. Then Yale University, 1890-1. AM degree, 1892. Went to Berlin to study Egyptology with Erman, 1894. Assistant in Egyptology and assistant director of Haskell Oriental Museum, University of Chicago, 1895-1901. Director of Haskell, 1905. Instructor in Egyptology and Semitic Languages, 1896. Professor of Egyptology and Oriental History, 1905. Whilst working on the Berlin dictionary in 1990-4, he was also able to record many texts from monuments in various German museums which formed the basis of his publication Ancient Records. Director, University of Chicago Egyptian Expedition, 1905-7. Was awarded many honours during his career. Founded the Oriental Institute at Chicago which was financially backed by J. D. Rockefeller, Jnr.

British archaeologist and photographer. Born, Stamford 1879. Died, Asyut 1940. Began his photographic career in Florence with the art historian R. Cust. He was then engaged as a excavator at Thebes by Theodore Davis between 1910-14. Then from 1914 onwards he worked for the rest of his career as a photographer for the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. His task was to record many of the royal and private tombs at Thebes. Between 1922 and 1933 he was lent by the Metropolitan Museum to Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter to make a photographic record during the excavation of the tomb of Tutankhamun.

British artist and musician. Born, London 1896. Died, Toronto 1959. Educated in Canada, and then from 1922 studied music at the Royal College of Music. While at Oxford she began making archaeological drawings under the direction of Sir Leonard Woolley. This led onto her working for Sir Alan Gardiner and the Egypt Exploration Society; she copied and subsequently published parts of the temple of Sethos I at Abydos.

German/British prehistorian. Born, Berlin 1892. Died, Oxford 1975. Studied medicine and Egyptology at the University of Berlin. Excavated at Hermopolis. Assistant Keeper of Egyptology, Manchester Museum.

British Egyptologist and art historian; he was born in London, 19 Feb. 1914, son of Frederick A., a civil servant in the Post Office, and Lilian Ethel Underwood; he studied at the Sloane School, London where his interest in art was fostered; after a year at King's College, London, studying English, he transferred to the Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London; BA, 1936; he was appointed Assistant Keeper in the Department of Art and Ethnography in the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh in charge of the archaeological and ethnographical collections, 1937; he served in the Scottish Education Office and Royal Air Force (Signals) 1942-6; he spent a year as Associate Curator, Dept. of Egyptian Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1955-6; Keeper, Dept. of Art and Archaeology, Royal Scottish Museum, 1961¬74; Member of the Committee of the Egypt Exploration Society, 1959-76; Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1978; he specialized in the study of Egyptian art and jewellery and was a leading authority on the reign of Akhenaten; he greatly added to the Egyptian collection of the Royal Scottish Museum; his publications included Old Kingdom Art in Ancient Egypt, 1949; Middle Kingdom Art in Ancient Egypt, 1950; New Kingdom Art in Ancient Egypt during the Eighteenth Dynasty 1590-1315 B. C., 1951; all three reissued as The Development of Ancient Egyptian Art, 1952; The Egyptians, 1961, 2nd ed. 1984; Egypt to the End of the Old Kingdom, 1965; Akhenaten, Pharaoh of Egypt - a New Study, 1968; Egypt: The Amama Period and the End of the Eighteenth Dynasty, 1971, later published in Vol. II, Part 2 of The Cambridge Ancient History, 1975; Jewels of the Pharaohs, 1971; Tutankhamun's Egypt, 1972; Akhenaten and Nefertiti, 1973; The Temple of Dendur, 1978; Tutankhamun, Craftsmanship in Gold in the Reign of the King, 1979; Le Monde egyptien. Les Pharaons, with J. Leclant et al, 3 vols., 1979-80; Egyptian Art in the Days of the Pharaohs, 3100-320 B. C, 1980; and Akhenaten: King of Egypt, 1988; he died in Edinburgh, 23 June 1991.

British broker at Lloyds and historian. Born, Ealing 1888. Died, Bletchley 1968. Educated at St. Paul's School. Many honours including OBE, FRSE, FRSL, FSA, Hon. Fellow, Imperial College of Science, and Hon. Fellow of the Egypt Exploration Society. Learned hieroglyphs in order to further his studies into early medicine. Published widely in many fields including Egyptology.

American Egyptologist and art historian; he was born in Charlottenburg, Berlin, 13 Oct. 1912, son of Wilhelm Friederich Franz Karl von B., of a Hanoverian noble family, and Marie Julie Auguste Karoline Baroness von and zu Egloffstein; he studied Egyptology at the University of Berlin under Sethe but was unable to finish his dissertation on Egyptian art due to his professor's death; he was appointed as an assistant to Schafer in the Egyptian Department, Berlin Museum, 1932-8 when his post lapsed; because of his opposition to the Nazi government, he fled to France in 1938 and to Switzerland in 1939 where he found temporary employment; he emigrated to the United States in Oct. 1941 where he worked for the Office of War Information and the War Department and later was in army intelligence in Europe until 1946; he was appointed assistant curator in the Department of Ancient Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1 Aug. 1946-54; Director of the American Research Center in Egypt, 1954-6; Fulbright resident fellow in Cairo, 1954-6, 1963-4; he became associate curator in the Dept. of Ancient Art, The Brooklyn Museum, 1956-63; curator in succession to Cooney, 1963-82; he lectured at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, 1960-78; professor, 1979; Lila Acheson Wallace Professor of Ancient Egyptian Art, 1982-93; Bothmer was a leading specialist in ancient Egyptian sculpture particularly of the Late Period and formed as a research tool the Corpus of Late Egyptian Sculpture, a photographic and bibliographic resource, now in The Brooklyn Museum; he was project director for the New York University's Mendes expedition and the also the Apis House project at Memphis, 1981-6; he organized an exhibition of sculpture of the Late Period Art in The Brooklyn Museum, 1960-1 and produced with E. Riefstahl the authoritative catalogue Egyptian Sculpture of the Late Period, 1960; he was also responsible for two other important exhibitions with significant catalogues Akhenaten and Nefertiti, 1971 and Africa in Antiquity, 1978 which was instrumental in encouraging the study of Nubian and Meroitic Art; a Festschrift in his honour Artibus Aegypti, edited by H. De Meulenaere and L. Limme, was published in 1983; he wrote a large number of articles on Egyptian art and sculpture notably a series Membra Dispersa on fragments of sculpture in different locations; he wrote Brief Guide to the Department of Ancient Art, The Brookes Museum, with J. Keith, 1970 and edited the Catalogue of the Luxor Museum of Ancient Egyptian Art, 1979, and posthumously a travel diary Egypt 1950: My First Visit, ed. Emma Swan Hall, 2003; and Egyptian Art: selected writings of B. V. Bothmer, 2004, ed. by M. E. Cody; his catalogue of Late Period sculpture in the Cairo Museum remained unfinished at his death; his archives were acquired by the Egyptological Archives of the University degli Studi di Milano in 2008; he died in New York, 24 Nov. 1993.

Swiss Egyptologist and Biblical scholar. Born, Verrières 1899. Died, Geneva 1956. Studied theology at Neuchâtel. Was taught hieroglyphs by G. Jéquier. Specialized in Old Testament Studies and Egyptology, studying in Berlin and Paris. Doctorate, 1929. Member of the IFAO excavation team working at Deir el-Medîna during 1927-9 and 1938-9, publishing a report and several articles on their work. Appointed to the chair in Hebrew and Old Testament Studies, Geneva, 1937. Administrator, Centre d'Études orientales, 1944. Published several important communications on religion.

British Egyptologist. Born, London 1883. Died, Oxford 1950. Studied hieroglyphs at University College, London, as a student of Margaret Murray. Assistant to Gardiner helping him with the lexicographical work on Onomastica. Excavated at various sites including Amarna, Haraga, and Saqqâra. Assistant Curator at the Egyptian Museum, Cairo in 1928-31. Curator of Egyptian Antiquities at the University Museum, Philadelphia, 1931-4. Professor of Egyptology, Oxford, 1934-50. Edited the Journal of Egyptian Archeology, 1934-40.

British dentist and Egyptologist. Born, London 1903. Died, London 1985. Trained as dentist at King's College Hospital Dental School, 1926-30. Spent his whole working life as a dentist. Interest in Egyptology led him to study with V. Seton-Williams at the Institute of Archaeology, London. Worked with the team that examined the mummy of Tutankhamun in 1968. Joined the Manchester Mummy project in 1975. Elected Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1966.

British Egyptologist. Born, Calcutta 1863. Died, Welwyn 1963. Entered University College London, 1894. First professional female Egyptologist. Assisted Petrie in his excavations in 1902. She also excavated at many other sites, including Malta and Petra. President of the Folk-Lore Society, 1953-5. Published widely in the fields of Egyptology and folklore.

German historian and chronologer. Born, Hamburg 1855. Died, 1930. Trained historian. One of the leading Near Eastern historians of his time. Devised the first modern chronology for ancient Near Eastern civilisations.

British architect and painter; he was born in London, 9 Aug. 1807, son of George A.; he was a pupil of Augustus Pugin and accompanied him to Normandy where he assisted in the Arch. Antiquities of Normandy; he spent several years in Rome and afterwards published The Edifices of Andrea Palladio, 1832; he was recommended to Robert Hay by Lane and Scoles and joined him in Qurna in 1832 as draughtsmen and landscape artist; he also made detailed but fanciful reconstructions of temple façades; he accompanied Catherwood and Bonomi to Palestine, 1833; although it is stated in the DNB and in the first ed. of this work that he never practised as an architect, he seems to have done so as there are letters of his in existence showing that he worked as partner in a firm Arundale and Heape of 48, Greek Street; he exhibited some large paintings made from his oriental drawings; he published Jerusalem and Mount Sinai, 1837; Selections from the Gallery of Antiquities in the British Museum, 1842, in collaboration with Bonomi and Birch; some of his correspondence is in the Griffith Institute; he died in Brighton, 9 Sept. 1853.