British Egyptologist. Born, London 1909. Died, London 1996. Educated at Merchant Taylor's school, where he studied Biblical Hebrew, then at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he read Arabic and Hebrew, graduating in 1933. Awarded the William Wright studentship in Arabic in 1932. Appointed Assistant Keeper in the Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities at the British Museum, taking up the position in 1934. He studied Egyptian under Glanville during his first few years in the Department. He published Hieroglyphic Texts from Egyptian Stelae, etc., viii in 1939. Elected Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1942, the year he was called up for military service. The first edition of The Pyramids of Egypt was published in 1947 and was reprinted many times. Appointed Keeper of the new department of Egyptian Antiquities in 1955. Made a Fellow of the British Academy in 1962, and awarded the CBE in 1968 for his services to the British Museum. He was instrumental in arranging the Tutankhamun exhibition at the British Museum in 1972. Was involved in the UNESCO rescue of the Philae Temples after his retirement from the Museum in 1974.

Austrian cultural historian, influenced by Jung. Born, Vienna 1882. Died, Oxford 1949. He had a wide range of interests and published controversial books and articles on various subjects including Christianity, astronomy, economics and psychology.

Griffith Institute staff member, November 1982 to date.

British Egyptologist. Born, Liverpool 1903. Died, Cairo 1971. Educated St. Francis Xavier's College, Liverpool, then the Institute of Archaeology, Liverpool University, 1921-3. Went out to Egypt for the first time as an assistant to the EES excavations at Amârna in 1923-4. Also worked for Mond at Luxor and Armant, 1923-8. Subsequently directed excavations at many sites in Egypt, notably his work at North Saqqâra in 1935-9. Served with the British Army 1939-46, afterwards attached to the British Embassy in Cairo. In 1951 appointed to the Edwards Professorship at University College London, which he held until his retirement in 1970. Worked in the Sudan and at Qasr Ibrîm in the 1950s and 60s.

British Egyptologist and engineer. Born, Moretonhampstead 1888. Died, Cairo 1946. Educated at Tonbridge School. Trained as an engineer at the City and Guilds Institute, 1905-8. He suffered poor health and went to Egypt in order to recuperate, 1909-10. When he returned to Britain he studied Egyptology, Coptic, and Arabic at University College, London. From 1911 onwards he assisted Petrie on many excavations. During the First World War he was commissioned by Allenby to report on ancient sites in Syria and Palestine. Appointed Chief Inspector for Upper Egypt, 1920. Assistant Keeper, Cairo Museum, 1924. Chief Keeper, 1931. Retired 1941. He was awarded several honorary titles. He published extensively, some of his most important contributions being those where he was to able to apply his engineering expertise.

British archaeologist. Born, Croydon 1929. Died, 2018. BA in History and Archaeology, Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1954. MA in Egyptology, Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 1957. Post-graduate research, Department of Egyptology, University of London. Participated in Egypt Exploration Society excavations directed by W. B. Emery at Saqqara, 1954-55, and Buhen, Sudan, 1959-60. From 1960, Lecturer in Egyptology, archaeology and hieroglyphs at Birkbeck College, continuing as an examiner from 1995. Publications include articles on the main kingship festival, 1965. Co-editor, Who Was Who in Egyptology, 1972–1995. Monographs on temple sites, recreating the Hawara pyramid complex at Hawara, and the royal city Per-Ramses, 1984.

Theodora Eyton-Jones was born in China, the daughter of a missionary. In 1930 she undertook a visit to the Patriarchs of the Eastern Churches, which she described in her book Under eastern roofs (1931). She married the Revd Leonard Patterson, and after his death adopted the name 'Eyton-Patterson', although she used her maiden name for writing.

British Egyptologist; he was born in Shoreham, Sussex, 26 Dec. 1894, son of Frederick Arthur F., a bank clerk, and Matilda Elizabeth Wheeler; he entered the Civil Service in 1912; he served briefly in World War I before being invalided out and rejoined the Civil Service in 1916; his interest in Egyptology led him in 1918 to study hieroglyphs in his spare time at University College London under Margaret Murray; in 1926 he became a fill-time assistant to (Sir) Alan Gardiner; he collaborated with Gardiner on his major publications in the autography of the hieroglyphic texts, the commentaries, and the indexes notably for The Wilbour Papyrus and Ancient Egyptian Onomastica; he received his training in Egyptian philology from Gardiner who encouraged his independent publications; he became an assistant in language teaching at University College, London 1951; lecturer in Egyptian language 1954-67; FSA 1950; DLitt from London University 1960; editor of JEA 1946-59; his main area of interest was Egyptian philology in which he made major contributions with his Middle Egyptian dictionary and translations of many important texts; his numerous publications include The Plural and Dual in Old Egyptian, 1929; The Papyrus Bremner-Rhind, 1933; A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, 1962, 2nd ed. 1972; Egypt: From the Inception of the Nineteenth Dynasty to the Death of Ramesses III, 1966 for the Cambridge Ancient History; The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts, 1969; Catalogue of Egyptian Antiquities in the British Museum,II Wooden Model Boats, 1972, with S. Glanville; The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts, 3 vols. 1972-8; The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 1973,with E. Wente, and W. K. Simpson; The Book of the Dead, 1972; he also wrote many articles and reviews; he died in Ipswich, Suffolk, 3 March 1982.

French Egyptologist. Born, Versailles 1865. Died, Zamalek 1943. Trained by his father Paul F., a Classicist and Director of the French School in Athens. Then studied at the École des Hautes Études. Appointed Inspector of Antiquities of Lower Egypt, 1892-4. Professor of Ancient History, University of Bordeaux, 1897. Professor of History of Religions, Aix-en-Provence, 1903. D.Ph., 1910. Director of IFAO, 1915-28. Published many important articles on the history of religion.

Professional photographers. Founded in Florence in 1852.

British Egyptologist. Born, Eltham 1879. Died, Oxford 1963. Educated at Charterhouse, then studied Classics, Hebrew and Arabic at The Queen's College, Oxford. Worked with A. Erman on the preparation of material for the Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache and was sub-editor 1906-8. Laycock Studentship, Worcester College, Oxford, 1906-12. Edited many Egyptological publications, including the Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. Published extensively in the field of Egyptology. Honorary Secretary of the Egypt Exploration Society, 1917-20, Vice President and then President, 1959-63. He was awarded many distinctions during his career. Specialized in hieratic texts on papyri and ostraca. Gardiner published the 1st edition of his Egyptian Grammar in 1927, which is still one of the essential learning aids for Middle Egyptian. Gardiner was also a member of the Tutankhamun excavation team, recording inscriptions from objects found in the tomb during the first few seasons.

Film company.

British classical archaeologist and traveller; he was born in Hopton, Derbyshire, 1 April 1777, son of Philip G. and Dorothy Milnes; he studied at Jesus College, Cambridge, BA, 1798; MA, 1804; Fellow of Emmanuel College; he studied art at the Royal Academy Schools; he visited the Troad, 1801, and published Topography of Troy, 1804; from 1804 he travelled for some years in Greece, publishing a number of works on the topography and antiquities of the area; he was sent on an archaeological mission to Ionia by the Society of Diletttanti, 1811-3; he was knighted in 1814; he accompanied Princess (later Queen) Caroline to Italy, 1814, and was at the centre of the scandals involving the queen at this time; from 1820 until his death he lived in Rome and Naples; he was very interested in the progress of hieroglyphic decipherment and corresponded with Young, Salt, and Champollion on the subject and encouraged Wilkinson to take up the study of Egyptian antiquities; FRS; FSA; he died in Naples, 4 Feb. 1836; three of his note-books on hieroglyphs are in the Griffith Institute.

British Egyptologist and Chartered Librarian. Born, South Ockendon, 1934. Died, Cambridge 2022. Chartered Librarian (ALA), 1958-60. Cataloguer, British National Bibliography, 1957-60. BA in Ancient History, University College London, 1963. MA, PhD and Litt. D, Cambridge University. Budge Research Fellow in Egyptology at Christ's College, Cambridge, 1966-70. Lecturer in Egyptology, University College London, 1970-78. Reader in Egyptian Archaeology, 1978-87. Edwards Professor of Egyptian Archaeology and Philology, 1988-1993. Assisted at Egypt Exploration Society (EES) excavations: Buhen, Sudan, 1963. Saqqara, 1964-68, site director 1970-74, field director 1975-98. Field director of the Epigraphic Mission, Amarna, 1969 and 1980. Saqqara, Leiden excavations, 1999-2000, Joint field director, 1998-2001, field director, 2002. Cambridge Expedition to the Valley of the Kings, Thebes, field director 2005, joint field director 2014 onwards.
Publications include: Egyptian Administrative and Private-Name Seals, 1971; The Royal Tomb at El-Amarna, vol. 1, 1974, vol. 2, 1989; The Tomb of Hetepka, 1979; The Sacred Animal Necropolis at North Saqqara, 1981; (with V. Raisman) Canopic Equipment in the Petrie Collection, 1984; Scarabs, Cylinders and other Ancient Egyptian Seals, 1985; The Tomb Chapels of Paser and Raia, 1985; Corpus of Reliefs of the New Kingdom, vol. 1, 1987; (with A. El-Khouly) Excavations in the Royal Necropolis at El-Amarna, 1987; The Memphite Tomb of Horemheb, 1989; The Hidden Tombs of Memphis, 1991 (German edn 1994); Bibliography of the Amarna Period and its aftermath, 1991; The Tomb of Tia and Tia, 1997; The Tombs of Three Memphite Officials, 2001; Stelae from Egypt and Nubia in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 2005; Private Stelae of the Early Dynastic Period from the Royal Cemetery at Abydos, 2011; The Tomb of Maya and Meryt, I, 2012; Tutankhamun’s Regent, 2016. Festschrift: Another Mouthful of Dust, ed J. van Dijk, 2016.

Israeli Egyptologist; he was born at Afula, 29 January 1936, son of Moshe G. and his wife Haya; he studied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem under Hans Jacob Polotsky and Sarah Israelit-Groll; PhD, 1968; he later undertook postgraduate work at the University of Chicago; he was on the staff of the Department of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University; Professor 1980-94; he was a specialist in the ancient Egyptian language, notably Middle Egyptian, on which he wrote over 30 articles; his thesis Enclitic Particles in Middle Egyptian was summarized in Gott. Misz. 2 (1972), 53-9; he died 10 August 2002.

British Egyptologist; he was born Westminster, 26 April 1900, son of Stephen James G., deputy editor of the Daily Telegraph, and Elizabeth, daughter of Francis Kingdon; he was educated at Marlborough College and Lincoln College, Oxford where he was a Modern History Scholar, Lit. Hum. and BA, 1922; MA, 1926; he was later Laycock Student of Egyptology, Worcester College, Oxford, 1929¬35; he first visited Egypt as an assistant master in the Egyptian Government Service, 1922, and his enthusiasm for Egyptology having been aroused he joined the EES expedition to Amarna, 1923; he also studied the language under Griffith; he was appointed Assistant in the Dept. of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, British Museum, 1924; he later became Reader in 1933-5 and then Edwards Professor of Egyptology at University College London; he was elected a Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, 1946-54; he excavated at Amarna, 1925, and Armant, 1928, for the EES, was its Hon. Secretary, 1928-31 and 1933-6, and its Chairman of Committee, 1951-6; he served in the RAF (Air Staff) in the Second World War; Herbert Thompson Professor of Egyptology in the University of Cambridge, 1946-56; Hon. Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford; Master of the Grocers' Company, 1953; Provost of King's College, Cambridge, 1954-6, the first non-Cambridge man to be so elected in 500 years; MA, FBA, FSA; he married 1925, Ethel Mary daughter of J. B. Chubb; he contributed to The Mural Painting of El-Amameh, 1929; published Daily Life in Ancient Egypt, 1930; edited Studies Presented to F.Ll. Griffith, 1932; The Egyptians (for children), 1933; Catalogue of Demotic Papyri in the British Museum, i. 1939; ed. The Legacy of Egypt, 1942; The Growth and Nature of Egyptology, 1947; `Notes on a demotic papyrus from Thebes (B.M. 10026)' in Essays and Studies presented to S. A. Cook, 1950; Catalogue of Demotic Papyri in the British Museum II; The Instructions of Onchsheshonklzy, pt. i, 1955; also articles in the JEA, Br. Mus. Quarterly, etc.; he died in Cambridge, 26 April 1956.

Swiss artist. Born, Chevilly, Vaud 1806. Died, Paris 1874. Studied art in Paris from 1825. Whilst in Italy, was engaged by John Lowell, Jr., an American traveller, to accompany him as artist on his excursions in the Levant in 1834-5.

Russian Egyptologist; he was born in St. Petersburg, 30 January 1856, son of Semion Vasilievitch G., a merchant, and Sophia Gavrilovna; he visited Egypt no fewer than 60 times and brought back a rich collection of antiquities which he sold in 1909 to the Moscow Museum thereby much enlarging it; after the Revolution he never returned to Russia, but resided in Nice; he was for some time employed in cataloguing the hieratic papyri in the Cairo Museum; Professor of Egyptology at the University of Cairo 1924-29; he published his first article in 1874, and his first important work in on the Metternich stela, 1877; in cuneiform studies he also published Vingt-quatre tablettes cappadociennes, 1891, in which he made important contributions to the study of these documents; his name is today associated with many important papyri: the literary papryi and the Story of the Shipwrecked Sailor, now in the Hermitage Museum, and the Mathematical Papyrus, the Hymns to the Diadem, the Story of Wenamun, and other texts in Moscow; he published articles and studies on Wenamun, The Teaching of King Merikare, the Prophecy of the Priest Nefer-rehu, etc; his Glossary (the Onomasticon) formed the basis for Gardiner's Anc. Egyptian Onomastica; his main works were, Die Metternich stele in der Originalgrösse zum erstan Male herausgegeben, 1877; Ermitahe Imperial, Inventaire de la collection égyptienne, 1891; Le Conte du Naufragé, 1912; Les Papyrus Hiératiques, no. 1115, 1116A et 1116B de l'Ermitage Impérial..., 1913; he died in Nice, 5 August 1947.

Egyptologist of Georgian nationality. Born, Egypt 1915. Died, Cairo 1950. Studied with K. Sethe in Berlin. Appointed Secretary of the German Archaeological Institute in Cairo. Editorial Secretary of the Société des Études Juives en Égypte.

British Egyptologist and excavator; he was born in London, 21 March 1869, son of Frederick G., solicitor, and Sophia Rose; he studied at Jesus College, Cambridge; BA, 1898; MA, 1901; he became interested in Egyptology at an early age and studied it under Sethe at Gottingen and later at Strasbourg; he excavated sites in Egypt with Clarke, Petrie, and Reisner, and in 1897-9 while working with Quibell on the predynastic site of Hierakonpolis for the Egyptian Research Account, discovered the famous decorated tomb; he also worked for the Egyptian Govt. Geological Survey, 1897-1900, and prepared maps for other surveys, 1905-14; he was in charge of the Mond excavations at Armant, 1929-30; he was Hon. Keeper of Antiquities, Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 1908-49 to which institution he donated numerous objects; his notebooks are now in the Department of Egyptian Antiquities, British Museum and the Faculty of Oriental Studies, Cambridge; he died in Great Shelford, Cambs., 20 Aug. 1949.

British Egyptologist; he was born in Brighton, 27 May 1862, youngest son of the Revd John G., LLD, headmaster of Brighton College and a mathematician, and Sarah Foster his wife; educated at Brighton Coll., Sedbergh, and Highgate School; he gained a scholarship to The Queen's College, Oxford 1879, but while there refused to read for final hons. and studied on his own; in 1882 he was articled to his brother, a solicitor in Brighton; graduated 1884; MA; DLitt; Hon. LLD Aberdeen; FBA; FSA; his interest in Egyptology was first awakened by reading Belzoni as a child, later at school he became more involved with it and by 1884 had not only acquired a good knowledge of classics but had taught himself Egyptian; he asked Petrie for help and spent four seasons with Petrie and Naville excavating in Egypt, 1884-8, at the sites of Naucratis, Tanis, Tell el-Yahudiya, and Gumaiyema in the Delta; he also gained valuable experience 1886 when he accompanied Petrie on a trip through Upper Egypt from Minia to Aswan, and at this period made a trip across N. Sinai to Wady el-Arish to copy and publish an inscription found by Sayce; he worked as an assistant in the Dept. of British and Mediaeval Antiquities and Ethnography in the British Museum, 1888-96, but continued his Egyptian research in his spare time; he was also Assistant to the Professor of Egyptology, University College London, 1892-1901; Hon. Lecturer in Egyptology at Manchester University, 1896-1908; appointed Reader in Egyptology, University of Oxford, 1901; Professor, 1924; Deputy Professor, 1932; Professor Emeritus, 1933; Hon. Fellow of The Queen's Coll., Oxford; he undertook excavations at Faras and Sanam in Nubia 1910-3; he married 1. Kate daughter of Charles Timothy Bradbury of Ashton-under-Lyne, 1896, who had studied under Petrie, died 1902; 2. Nora C. C. daughter of Surgeon-Major James Macdonald, died 1937; Griffith was the foremost philologist in the whole range of Egyptian texts in Britain, and in the field of hieratic studies broke new ground; with his transcriptions, translations, and interpretations of the Kahun and Gurob Papyri he dealt with extremely difficult cursive texts most accurately; he next turned to Demotic and his Stories of the High Priests raised him straight away to be the leading Demotist of his day; he also did valuable research in Old Coptic and the Nubian language, but his greatest achievement was the decipherment of Meroitic script; this with H. Schafer's similar feat in Christian Nubian was the first pioneer work of its kind since Champollion and brought him world-wide recognition; Griffith's bibl. lists over 260 books and articles his principal works were, Tanis, 1888, a chapter in Petrie's Pt. Naukratis, Pt. ii, 1888; The City of Onias and the Mound of the Jew, 1890, ed. Naville; Two Hieroglyphic Papyri from Tanis, 1889; Inscriptions of Siut and Der Rifeh 1889; Beni Hasan, pts. iii and iv, 1896, 1900; Hieratic Papyri from Kahun and Gurob, 2 vols. 1897, 1898; Hieroglyphs from the Collections of the Egypt Exploration Fund, 1898; Stories of the High Priests of Memphis, 1900; Demotic Magical Papyrus of London and Leyden, 3 vols. 1904-9, with Sir Herbert Thompson; Catalogue of the Demotic Papyri in the Rylands Library at Manchester, 3 vols. 1909; The Meroitic Inscriptions of Shablul and Karanog, 1911; Meroitic Inscriptions, 2 pts. 1911, 1912; The Nubian Texts of the Christian Period, 1913; 'Oxford Excavations in Nubia', in Liverpool Annals of Arch. & Anth., 1921-8; Christian Documents from Nubia, 1928; after his death his wife also completed two of his works, Catalogue of the Demotic Graffiti of the Dodecaschoenus, 1935, 1937; The Adler Papyri, 1939; he wrote articles in EB (9-10 eds); Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible, etc.; in all Griffith wrote or contributed to 19 EEF reports and memoirs, and edited no fewer than 25 vols. of the Archaeological Survey of which he wrote 5; he was by far the greatest literary contributor to the work of the EES, writing many articles and reviews in JEA and editing the Annual Reports for twenty years; he wrote bibls. for 34 years from 1892 on; in later life he was again excavating at Amarna and Kawa in the Sudan; by his will he bequeathed his magnificent Egyptological library, the finest one in existence, and papers, together with a large financial endowment to build and maintain an Institute of Near-Eastern Archaeology at Oxford; this took effect on the death of his wife in 1937, and the Griffith Institute, attached to the Ashmolean Museum, was built and formally opened, 21 Jan. 1939, on his 70th birthday, a fine volume of Studies by 72 of his colleagues, pupils and friends was presented to him; he died in Boar's Hill, Oxford, 14 March 1934.

British archaeologist; she was born at Ashton-under-Lyne, 26 Aug. 1854, daughter of Charles Timothy Bradbury, a wealthy businessman, and Elizabeth Ann Tomlins; she was a friend of Amelia Edwards, whom she accompanied to America in 1890; she assisted in the early work of the EEF, rendering great assistance and serving for many years on the committee; she married in 1896 F.L.I. Griffith; a settlement made by her father enabled her husband to devote the whole of his time to Egyptology and provided the basis of the endowment which he later bequeathed to the University of Oxford; she translated two of Wiedemann's books on Egyptian religion into English (1896-7) and took an active part in her husband's scientific works and publications; she died in Silverdale near Carnforth, Lancs, 2 March 1902.

British classicist and Egyptologist; he was born at Porth, Glamorgan, 7 Dec. 1911, son of Robert G., Baptist minister, and Jemima Davies; he studied classics at the Universities of Cardiff, Liverpool, and Oxford; he was appointed Assistant Lecturer in Classics, University College of Swansea 1946-47, Lecturer 1947-59, Senior Lecturer 1959¬65, Reader 1965-73, Professor of Classics and Egyptology 1973-79 and then Emeritus; visiting Professor at Cairo Univ 1968; he married 1939 Kathe Bosse; he was also active in the Welsh nationalist movement; a festschrift in his honour Studies in Pharaonic Religions and Society, ed. by A. B. Lloyd, was published in 1992; his principal interest was Ancient Egyptian religion and the Greek sources for it; he published The Conflict of Horus and Seth, 1960, translations of Plutarch's De Iside et Osiride 1970, and Apuleius' The Isis-book, 1975; The Origins of Osiris and his Cult, 1980, The Divine Verdict, 1991; Atlantis and Egypt, 1991; and Triads and Trinity, 1996; he died at Swansea, 15 June 2004.

British Egyptologist. Born, London 1883. Died, Oxford 1950. Studied hieroglyphs at University College, London, as a student of Margaret Murray. Assistant to Gardiner helping him with the lexicographical work on Onomastica. Excavated at various sites including Amarna, Haraga, and Saqqâra. Assistant Curator at the Egyptian Museum, Cairo in 1928-31. Curator of Egyptian Antiquities at the University Museum, Philadelphia, 1931-4. Professor of Egyptology, Oxford, 1934-50. Edited the Journal of Egyptian Archeology, 1934-40.

British Assyriologist (28 January 1911 - 11 January 2001). Shillito Reader in Assyriology, Oxford University, 1945-78; made Professor in 1965. Scholar of both Akkadian and Hittite. In 1948, he joined the council of management of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, and maintained his links with the Institute for the rest of his life, serving as President from 1982. From 1956 to 1996 he edited the Institute's journal, Anatolian Studies.

American draughtsman. Born, Portland OR, 1883. Died, Portland OR, 1969. Studied architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and in 1913 joined the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Egyptian Expedition as a draughtsman. Loaned by the Expedition to the Tutankhamun tomb excavation in 1922-1923.