Australian Egyptologist. B.A. Sydney, 1958. Postgraduate Diploma, London, 1962 Ph.D. Cambridge, 1969. William Fox Albright Lecturer, 1993; Guggenheim Fellowship,1982-1983. Currently Lila Acheson Wallace Professor of Ancient Egyptian Art, Institute of Fine Arts, New York. Specialist on Ancient Egyptian art history and archaeology. Published books on Ancient Egyptian kingship and Nubia.

English copyist; she was born at Elford, 5 Jan. 1844, daughter of Revd Francis Edward P., Rector of Elford, Staffs, and Fanny Chester; he was a student at University College London, 1893-8; she went to Egypt 1895-6 with Miss Pine (later Mrs Quibell) for the Egyptian Research Account and copied the scenes in the tomb of Ptahhotep at Saqqara, published in the memoir The Ramesseum, 1896; she visited the temple of Deir el-Bahri and made many coloured facsimiles which were used by Griffith in his Hieroglyphs, 1898; these watercolours are in the Griffith Institute, Oxford; she died unmarried in Wells, 29 Jan. 1925.

Born, Shildon(? or Darlington) Co Durham 09/02/1918. Died, Darlington 27/02/1995. Trained as apprentice photographer, then as wartime airforce photographer; spent WWII in Canada and Belgium. After the war, trained at Gravesend (National Diploma in Design 1949), then at Brincliffe, Sheffield (Art Teacher Diploma 1950-51). Taught at High Storrs Grammar School, Sheffield in 1950s, then Eastbourne School, Darlington Co Durham, until retirement (late 1970s?). Married Jessie Rae Bruce (1925-1995) in 1959; one son, Richard, born 1963, whose interest in Egyptology revived his, leading to Egyptian drawings and models.

British archaeologist and museum assistant. Born, Giza 1912. Died, England 2002. Began medical training at the London School of Medicine for Women, 1929. Uncompleted Diploma Course in Archaeology, Cambridge University, 1932-3. Excavated with her father John W. Crowfoot and other leading archaeologists, in England and Palestine. Appointed Cataloguer in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, cataloguing the whole of the Egyptian and Nubian collections, she also had a significant role in the arrangement and display of the Museums lithic collections in the Egyptian and Near Eastern galleries, 1957-79. She published many important publications on lithics as well as the Catalogue of the Predynastic Egyptian Collection in the Ashmolean Museum (Oxford, 1993; reprinted with addenda, 2000).

British Egyptologist and archaeologist. Born, Liverpool 1882. Died, Oxford 1934. Studied Mathematics and Classics at Queen's College, Oxford. Jodrell Scholar. Craven Fellow, 1906, which enabled him to study archaeology in Rome. Pelham Student, British School in Rome, 1909. Entered Egyptology and excavated with P. E. Newberry at Abydos, and then in the Delta in 1909. Continued working at Abydos, 1909-13, at first with E. Naville, and eventually on his own. Studied Egyptian with Sir A. Gardiner and taught himself Coptic and Demotic. Lecturer in Egyptology, University of Manchester, 1913-28. Director of the Egypt Exploration Society's Excavations. Laycock Student in Egyptology, Oxford, 1923. Brunner Professor of Egyptology, Liverpool University, 1920-33. Reader and Professor designate in Egyptology, Oxford, 1933-4, but died before the appointment was confirmed. Fellow, Queen's College, Oxford, 1933. Specialised in the study and translation of papyri, especially those concerned with mathematics and Ramesside tomb robberies at Thebes. Edited the Liverpool Annals of Art and Archaeology, 1921 onwards, and the Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, from 1923. Published extensively in these publications as well as many others.

British Egyptologist. Born, Dublin 1871. Died, London 1956. Through her interest in Egyptology she met, then married, Flinders Petrie in 1896. Worked with her husband on his excavations, helping to raise the money to fund their work. She also assisted Margaret Murray with her excavations of the Osireion at Abydos, 1902-3.

British Egyptologist. Born, Charlton 1853. Died, Jerusalem 1942. Not formally educated, was first introduced to ancient Egypt after reading Piazzi Smyth's publication of the Great Pyramid. Began his archaeological career excavating and surveying prehistoric sites in Britain, which included a survey of Stonehenge with his father William Petrie. Surveyed the Pyramids, 1880-2. Excavated sites for the Egypt Exploration Fund, 1884-6 and 1896-1905. From 1887 he led his own excavations with the financial support of several patrons. Founded Egypt Research Account, 1894, which then became the British School of Archaeology in Egypt. Appointed the first Edwards Professor (the first chair in Egyptology in Britain) at University College London, 1892-1933. Emeritus Professor, 1933-42. Married Hilda Urlin, 1897. Pioneered archaeology in the Near East, excavating many important monuments. Developed the method of sequence dating based on pottery analysis. The Petrie Museum, University College London, was formed from his own substantial private collection which was bought from him in 1913 by public subscription. A prolific author, he published a huge number of archaeological reports, monographs, articles, and reviews.

Born, London 24/10/1930. Died, Essex 30/07/1999.
John Phillips was born in London, and after his marriage, spent the rest of his life in Essex. On his first day in Primary School he was taken into a classroom with a frieze of Egypt round the walls and was instantly and completely smitten; it was a devotion which lasted for the rest of his life and which influenced much of his work.
John was a Master Craftsman who could turn his hand to working in any material; his first job on leaving school was designing record sleeves for Decca Records; he made marquetry boxes and trays, and designed gun cases and cabinets for Asprey's as well as producing a range of designs for their wrapping paper. He also designed mosaic floors and furniture, worked in copper, carved in wood, painted World War II aircraft, produced detailed pictures of motorcycles in scraper-board, and engraved on marble and glass.
At his house in Theydon Bois he engraved a life-size figure of Horus on marble for his front porch; he also engraved on glass, in reverse and from the back, a map of the world which took up much of a wall in the dining room.
After a major stroke in 1977 he started to make jewellery, and spent the rest of his life producing exquisite pieces for his friends, mostly based on the Egyptian Gods, animals and hieroglyphs and symbols.
He had an eclectic range of interests including archery, target shooting, and the aeroplanes of World War II, and he was a voracious reader.

British conservator; he was born in Coatbridge, Lanarkshire, 19 Sept. 1898, son of Robert James P., art teacher, and Lucy Bell; he was educated at the Harris Academy in Dundee and went to University College of St. Andrews in 1916 to study science; he left to serve in World War I where he earned a MC in 1918 and then completed his education at University College, Dundee; BSc,1921; PhD, 1923; in 1924 he joined the laboratory of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research at the British Museum which became the Research Laboratory of the British Museum in 1931; Assistant Keeper, 1931-8; Deputy Keeper, 1938-49; Keeper, 1949-59; Professor of Chemistry, Royal Academy of Arts, 1936-58; Director, International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property, 1959-71; President of the International Institute for the Conservation of Museum Objects, 1965-8; CBE, 1959; he worked on the scientific analysis of objects from the tomb of Tutankhamun and was responsible for the care of the objects evacuated from the British Museum during World War II; his principal publication was The Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art, 1956; revised ed., 1971; he died in Inverness, 2 Nov. 1997.

Egyptological bibliographer; she was born in London, 9 April 1852, daughter of Frederick William P., architect and Sarah Moyle; her tastes were literary and she was acquainted with Dickens, Carlyle, and the Brownings; she was also interested in psychical research; she studied Egyptology under Griffith and under Sethe at Gottingen, after which she spent many years in amassing the material for the Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs and Paintings, the first volume of which, dealing with the Theban Necropolis, appeared in 1927; this was produced with the collaboration of Rosalind Moss, who produced many subsequent volumes; her MSS are in the Griffith Institute; she died in Oxford, 17 Jan. 1941.

French Egyptologist; he was born in Avesnes-sur-Helpe 27 Jan 1807, son of Constant P., an inspector of the woods belonging to the Prince of Talleyrand who died of typhus in 1814, and Claire Constance Theresa Victoire Pinot; he was brought up by a local cure after the death of his father, and was educated at Chalons-sur-Marne 1822-5, where he obtained the diploma of Engineer-Architect; he took part in the Greek War of Independence, 1826, and then went to Egypt in 1827 where he obtained an appointment as engineer and lecturer in military schools under Muhammad Ali which lasted until 1836; from 1836-1844 he undertook the copying of Egyptian monuments; in 1842 he founded with Henry Abbott the Association Litteraire in Cairo; he cut out the Table of Kings at Karnak in 1843 and overcoming great difficulties removed it to France; he revisited Egypt in 1858-60 with Testas; his name is particularly associated with the famous papyrus in the Bibl. Nationale (Cartons 183-94) and with the Table of Kings; Prisse was an outstandingly brilliant observer and was one of the first to note the Aten blocks in the Horemheb pylons at Karnak, 1839, and wrote to Wilkinson about them at a time when they were scarcely understood; he copied much that has since gone, when rooms were being cleared in temples or walls destroyed for masonry; he adopted the name Idris-Effendi and although known to many visitors to Egypt, received little recognition in his lifetime except for the award of the rank of Chevalier of the Legion d'honneur. The splendid series of publications, included, besides the facsimile of his papyrus discovered in 1843, Les Monuments egyptiens, fol. 1847, to complement Champollion's work; Oriental Album. Characters, costumes and modes of life in the Valley of the Nile illustrated from designs taken on the spot by E. Prisse, with descriptive letter-press by James Augustus St. John, 1848-51; Atlas de l'histoire de l'art egyptien, d'apris les monuments, depuis les temps les plus reculesjusqu'a la domination romaine, atlas in 2 vols. fol. 1858-77, reprint, 1991; L'Art arabe, d'apres les monuments du Caire, depuis le Me siecle jusqu'a la fin du XVIIIe siecle, 3 vols. fol. 1867-79. He died in Paris, 10 Jan. 1879.

British collector; he was born in Syon House, 15 Dec. 1792, second son of Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke, by his second marriage to Frances Julia Burrell; he entered the Navy, 1805; retired Captain, 1815; Rear-Admiral, 1850; Vice-Ad., 1857; Admiral, 1862; he was created Baron Prudhoe, 1816; from 1826 he travelled in the East for some years with Major Orlando Felix and met Champollion in Cairo in Sept. 1828 and again in Nubia in Jan. 1829; he reached Sennnar in 1829 and removed two granite lion statues from Gebel Barkal which were later presented to the British Museum (EA 1 and 2); he formed an extensive collection of Egyptian antiquities (over 2,000 objects), added to by his descendants, of which a catalogue by Samuel Birch was published in 1880; he accompanied Sir John Herschel's expedition to the Cape, 1834; DCL, Oxford, 1841; FRS; FSA; FGS; FRAS; he financed E. W. Lane's Arabic Lexikon and sent him to Egypt to collect materials; his wife, nee Lady Eleanor Grosvenor, continued to support Lane after the Duke's death; he succeeded as 4th Duke, 1847; he also restored Alnwick Castle and greatly improved the estate; First Lord of the Admiralty, 1852-3; a Trustee of the British Museum; the bulk of the Alnwick collection of antiquities were purchased by the University of Durham in 1950, but some pieces were sold at the same time to the British Museum; his papers are at Alnwick Castle; he died in Alnwick, 12 Feb. 1865, and was buried in the Percy Chapel.

British Egyptologist; he was born in Newport, Shropshire, 11 Nov. 1867, son of John Q. and Catherine Susannah Smith; he graduated at Christ Church, Oxford, after which he assisted Petrie on a number of his excavations; he was at Coptos, 1893, a site which first opened up the history of Egypt as far back as the First Dynasty, and the following year went to Naqada and Ballas which produced the first and probably the greatest collection of predynastic material ever discovered and also revealed new vistas in the story of Egypt; Quibell is said to have been the first person to recognize, although not publicly to state, that the remains found at Ballas were predynastic, not New Race of the First Intermediate Period; thorough training under Petrie had made him the best-equipped excavator of early sites at that time, and he next excavated the town and area of Hierakonpolis for the ERA with results which are famous in the annals of Egyptian archaeology; with Green and Somers Clarke he discovered the `Main Deposit' containing the Narmer palette, many carved mace-heads and ivories and other important proto-dynastic objects, and in the remains of an early temple the archaic statuettes of King Khasekhem etc.; he cleared the area of the Ramesseum, a very different kind of work, finding important Middle Kingdom papyri and a wealth of inscribed material such as jar sealings; he was appointed to the staff of the Antiquities Service and worked on the Cairo Cat. 1899, becoming Inspector in Chief of Antiquities in the Delta and Middle Egypt, 1899-1904 and Luxor 1904-5; at Luxor he discovered the tomb of Yuia and Tuiu, 1905; on becoming Chief Inspector at Saqqara in 1905 he excavated the magnificent monastery of St. Jeremias, many archaic mastabas, and a very great quantity of Early Dynastic cemetery material, notably the tomb of Hesire; this work went on for many years and gained the Egyptian Museum, Cairo a wealth of fine objects of all periods; in all this work he was assisted by his very able wife, Annie A. Quibell who made copies in outline and colour for his publications; from 1 Jan. 1914 to 1923 he served as Keeper of the Egyptian Museum and during this time greatly improved its decoration and installation; he was appointed Secretary-General of the Antiquities Dept., 1923 and retired, 1 April 1925; in fact he continued to work and carried out further excavations at first as assistant to Firth who had succeeded him at Saqqara, then after 1931 as director on the Step Pyramid site; this was his largest excavation although not the one which is best known, and involved the recovery and restoration of an immense number of objects; Quibell continued the work of Petrie successfully and refined it, improving the standard of publications throughout his career; he contributed to or else wrote no fewer than 18 quarto vols. in all; Naqada, with W. M. F. Petrie, 1895; Ballas, with chapters by W. M. F. P., 1896; El Kab, with Somers Clarke and J. J. Tylor, 1898; The Ramesseum, with W. Spiegelberg, 1898; Hierakonpolis, 2 vols., with W. M. F. P. and F. W. Green, 1900-2; Archaic Objects, 2 vols., Cairo Cat., 1904-5; The Tomb of Yuaa and Thuiu, Cairo Cat., 1908; Excavations at Saqqara, (1905-6), (1906-7) with a section of religious texts by P. Lacau, (1907-8) and other sections by Sir Herbert Thompson and W. Spiegelberg, 3 vols. 1908-9; The Monastery of Apa Jeremias: the Coptic inscriptions edited by Sir Herbert Thompson, 2 vols. 1912; Excavations at Saqqara 1911-12. The Tomb of Hesy, 1913; Excavations at Saqqara 1912-14. Archaic Mastabas, 1923; Teti Pyramid north side, with A. G. K. Hayter, 1927; The Step Pyramid, with C. M. Firth and J. P. Lauer, 2 vols. 1935; part of his archive passed to Varille and then to the Universita degli Studi in Milan; he died in Hertford, 5 June 1935.

Ophtalmic / Optitian.

German photographer. Born, Euskirchen 1844. Died, Cologne 1883. His early training in chemistry led him to the study of photography. He completed his education at the Königliche Gewerbeakademie in Krefeld in 1864. Unusually for this period he specialised in landscape photography. In 1873-4 he was the photographer on an expedition to the Libyan desert led by Gehrhardt Rohlfs, which also explored links with the Egyptian oases. On this expedition he took about 200 images. He was awarded a silver medal in Vienna in 1875 for this work.

Egyptologist and orientalist; born Guernsey, 23 Aug. 1822, son of Joseph R. and Mary Le Page; educated at Elizabeth College, Guernsey, and Pembroke College, Oxford, 1840, where he read Hebrew and left before taking a degree having become a Roman Catholic; he then went abroad, later becoming Classical tutor, Oscott College; appointed Professor of Ancient History and Oriental languages, Catholic University, Dublin, 1855-64; HM Inspector of Schools, 1864-85; while in Ireland became interested in Egypt through the funerary papyri preserved at Trinity College, Dublin; encouraged by Hincks he now began to publish Egyptological articles in the periodical Atlantis; he visited Egypt with his wife, Ludovica, daughter of Christian Brentano la Roche, 1875, going via Syria-Lebanon; Hibbert Lecturer, 1879; he succeeded Birch as Keeper of Oriental Antiquities, British Museum, 1 May 1886-3 Dec. 1891; he was President Soc. Bibl. Arch., 1885-97; knighted 1896, he made many contributions to Egyptology and published many articles in journals espec. PSBA; his main works were, An Elementary Grammar of the Ancient Egyptian Language, pt. i only pub., 1875; Lectures on the Origin and Growth of Religion, as illustrated by the Religion of Ancient Egypt, 1880; Assyrian Antiquities. Guide to the Nimroud Central Saloon of the British Museum, 1886; The Book of the Dead. Facsimile of the Papyrus of Ani in the British Museum, 1890; his most important work, the translation of the Book of the Dead, was unfinished at his death and was completed by Naville; his writings were collected and republished by his wife under the title The Life¬work of Sir P. Le Page Renouf, 4 vols. 1902-7; his letters have been edited and published by J.Cathcart, The Letters of Peter le Page Renouf (1822-1897), 2002-4, in 4 volumes; during Renouf's period as Keeper the work of arrangement, modernisation, and enlarging the Egyptian collections was actively carried on, and many famous pieces were added; his correspondence is in the Griffith Institute, Oxford; he died in London, 14 Oct. 1897.

French author and traveller; he was a close friend of Mariette and frequently accompanied him on his tours of inspection in Upper Egypt, as he also did with Maspero; he thus made many journeys between 1865 and 1882; in 1881 he was attached to the Mission Arch. in Cairo; he contributed many accounts of discoveries in Egypt to the Gaz. des Beaux Arts, le Temps, Mag. Pittoresque, etc., and published a travel book, L'Egypte a petites journies, which enjoyed great popularity, running to several editions; his correspondence is in the Griffith Institute, Oxford; he died 7 June 1910.

German Egyptologist; he was born at Schwiebus, 2 Aug. 1881, son of Ernst R., pharmacist, and Meta Wahrburg; he studied at the University of Jena and then Berlin under Erman, gaining his doctorate at Friedrich-Wilhelm University, 1904; he helped with the classification of objects in the Egyptian Department of Berlin Museum, becoming a methodical and very systematic worker; he also published the inscriptions in the museum, and at this time also helped with the Worterbuch, 1900-7; he joined the Egyptian Antiquities Service, 1907-11; for Maspero he copied the reliefs and inscriptions in three Nubian temples, Debod, Kalabsha, and Dakka, and for Cairo Museum also published the Naos vol. of the Cairo Cat. General; he completed his habilitaion at the University of Beslau, 1914; he then became a lecturer at Breslau, 1914; Professor, 1916; he was Director of the Hildesheim Museum which had been founded shortly before by W. Pelizaeus, 1915-1945 and Director of the Berlin Museum, Dec. 1940-45 when he was dismissed from his posts as a supporter of the Nazi government; he published a catalogue of this collection; between 1929 and 1939; he directed the excavations at Hermopolis, 1930-39, for which he became famous, clearing much of the vast site of the Thoth temple and the associated buildings, and finding many blocks with scenes of the Aten which apparently came from El-Amarna; he was appointed Director in the Berlin Museum, 1940-45; Roeder made a special study of Egyptian mythology and religion and also certain types of object, his wide variety of interests being shown in his publications; he was a very prolific writer: Debod bis Bab Kalabsche, 2 out of 3 vols. 1911-12; Die Denkmiiler des Pelizaeus-Museums zu Hildesheim, 1921; Aegyptische Inschnfierz aus den koniglichen Museen zu Berlin, 1924; Agyptisch: praktische Einflihrung in die Hieroglyphen und die eigyptische Sprache mit Lesestiicken und Wiirterbuch, 1926; Die Mastaba des Uhemka im Pelizaeus-Museum zu Hildesheim, 1927; Der Tempel von Dakke, 2 out of 3 vols. 1930; Agyptische Bronzewerke, 1937; Der Felsentempel von Bet el-Wali, 1938; _Agyptische Bronzefiguren), 2 pts., 1956; Hermopolis, 1929-1939; Die agyptische Religion in Texten und Bildern, 4 pts. 1959-61, and posthumously Amarna-Reliefs aus Hermopolis. Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Hermopolis-Expedition 1929-39 II, 1969.

American photographer. Born, New York 1920. Died, Oxford 2006. Studied at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY. He was a ship's communication officer in the US Merchant Navy during WWII. After the war he worked as a navigator for TWA airlines, and worked on the route which included Cairo. It was here that he came in contact with professional photographers which inspired him to hone his own skills and eventually led to a career in free-lance photography. His commercial work incorporated his own varied interests, and is especially noted for his images of Egypt, its people, culture and ancient monuments. He worked for Chicago House in Egypt as well as several American museums with major Ancient Egyptian collections. He also had his own London based photography agency called The John Ross Photographic Archive.

British Egyptologist and archaeologist; he was born in Deptford, 29 Oct. 1890, son of Lewis Oxley R., accountant, and Florence Emily Jenvey; he became interested in Egyptology in early life through studying the collections in the British Museum; subsequently while working as a journalist he emigrated to Adelaide, South Australia in 1912 where he enlarged his experience by working voluntarily in museums in Sydney and Adelaide and lecturing in history in the University of Adelaide; after failure to obtain a museum post in Australia, he left Australia in 1922; Rowe's first archaeological field-work was as archaeological assistant to C. S. Fisher with the University Museum of Pennsylvania expedition to Palestine at the site of Beth Shan, an important Egyptian town in the New Kingdom, 1922; he also helped in the recording of objects at Memphis previously discovered by the Univ. of Pennsylvania expedition; from 1923 to 1925 he was chief archaeological assistant to Reisner with the joint Harvard-Boston expedition to Giza, where during the absence of Reisner in America he was directing work at the time of the discovery of the `tomb' of Hetepheres the mother of King Khufu; at this period he directed work on many sites in Egypt and Palestine, Girga (Upper Egypt), Semna and Kumma (Sudan), Beth Shan (Palestine); his assistant in Egypt was T. R. D. Greenlees; this work was followed by excavation at the pyramid of Maidum 1929-32, Gezer (Palestine) and Benha (Athribis), 1925-34; Benha yielded interesting discoveries, 1938, the expedition being financed by Sir Robert Mond; he was appointed Curator of the Graeco-Roman Museum in Alexandria, 1940-9; while in this post he made further discoveries in the Western Desert, notably the Ramesside fortress at Zawyet Umm el-Rakham, 1946; he also excavated the Catacombs of Kom el-Shuqafa, Alexandria, 1941-2; the Serapeum or remains of the temple of Serapis, 1943-5; in 1943 the War Office asked him to make a special report on damage to monuments in the war zone in Cyrenaica; he was appointed Special Lecturer in Near Eastern Archaeology in the University of Manchester, 1950-52, and Lecturer, 1952-8; his last four expeditions were made to the tombs and cemeteries of Roman Cyrene where he discovered remarkable statues of the goddess Persephone 1952-57; he married secondly in 1947 Mrs Olga Serafina Wilson (1905-15 Sept. 1958), daughter of Antonio Cucinotta, who helped him in his archaeological field-work until her death; he published several articles in Australia on Egyptian and other antiquities and left in manuscript a catalogue of the Egyptian antiquities in the South Australian Museum; in addition to numerous other articles in journals he wrote, A Catalogue of Egyptian Scarabs, Scaraboids, Seals and Amulets in the Palestine Archaeological Museum, 1930; The Topography and History of Beth-Shan, with details of Egyptian and other inscriptions found on the site, 1930; The Eckley B. Coxe, jr., Expedition excavations at Meydum (1929-30), 1931; a trans. of Leibovitch's Ancient Egypt, 1938; The Four Canaanite Temples of Beth-Shan, pt. i., 1940; Discovery of the Famous Temple and Enclosure of Serapis at Alexandria, see ASAE 1946; New Light on Aegypto-Cyrenaean Relations. Two Ptolemaic statues found in Tolmeita, 1948; A Contribution to the Archaeology of the Western Desert, see BulL of the John Rylands Library, vol. 36. 128, 484, 1951; vol. 38. 139, 1953; some of his papers are in the Griffith Institute, Liverpool University, and the South Australian Museum, Adelaide; he died in Manchester, 3 Jan. 1968.

British diplomat and collector; he was born in Lichfield, 14 June 1780, son of Thomas S. and Alice Butt; he was trained as a portrait-painter and went to London in 1797 as a pupil of Joseph Farington, R.A., and afterwards of John Hoppner, RA; in 1802 he accompanied George Annesley, Visct. Valentia, as secretary and draughtsman, on a long tour in the East, visiting India, Ceylon, Abyssinia, and Egypt, and returned 1806; he made many drawings to illustrate Lord V.'s Voyages and Travels, 1809; he was sent by the Govt. on a mission to Abyssinia, 1809-11, and published an account, Voyage to Abyssinia, 1814; in 1815 he was appointed to succeed Missett as British Consul-General in Egypt and arrived there in 1816; he carried out much excavation in Egypt with the intention of procuring antiquities for the British Museum and in the process amassed enormous quantities on his own account; through Belzoni and Burckhardt he removed the colossal bust of Ramesses II from Thebes and presented it to the British Museum (EA 19), 1817; he employed Belzoni at Thebes and also financed his excavations in Nubia, and those of Caviglia at the Pyramids; in 1819, d'Athanasi excavated at Thebes under his direction; from 1818-21, he sent a large collection of antiquities to the British Museum, but the Trustees objected to the price demanded, and after protracted delay, they gave only £2,000 (less than the cost of excavation and transport) for the collection, but rejected the finest piece - the sarcophagus of Sety I ¬which was subsequently bought by Sir John Soane for his museum for £2,000; in private Salt attempted to place blame for the high excavation costs on Belzoni's extravagance; he had better luck with his second collection, formed 1819-24, which was reported upon by Champollion and bought by the King of France for £10,000; his third collection was sold at Sotheby's 29 June-8 July 1835; it had been formed 1824-7, and was auctioned in 1,283 lots for £7,168; many objects were bought by the British Museum; an anonymous sale of Egyptian antiquities held at Sotheby's, 15-16 March 1833, has also been attributed to Salt's estate (258 lots); besides a rather tedious poem on the Nile, Salt published an Essay on Dr. Young's and M Champollion's Phonetic System of Hierog!yphics, with some additional discoveries, etc., 1825; FRS, 1812; FLS; his papers and drawings are in the British Museum and there copies of some of these in the Griffith Institute, Oxford; he died at Desuke village near Alexandria, 30 Oct. 1827, and was buried in Alexandria.

British Assyriologist. Born, Shirehampton 1845. Died, Bath 1933. Educated at Grosvenor College, Bath, then Queen's College, Oxford. Hibbert Lecturer, 1887. Gifford Lecturer, 1900-2. Professor of Assyriology, 1891-1919. Rhind Lecturer, 1906. Huxley Lecturer, 1906. D.Litt. LL.D. DD. Specialised in Carian and Hittite languages, as well as Assyrian and West Asian archaeology and philology. Also worked in Egypt copying inscriptions, etc.